DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for all living things. It is often called the “blueprint of life” because it tells each cell in your body how to grow, function, and reproduce.
1. The Structure of DNA
DNA looks like a twisted ladder, also known as a double helix. Each step of this ladder is made of chemical bases. There are four types of bases in DNA:
- A = Adenine
- T = Thymine
- C = Cytosine
- G = Guanine
Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G). This pairing keeps the DNA stable and allows it to copy itself.
2. Where DNA Is Found
DNA is found inside the nucleus of almost every cell in your body. In total, if you stretched out all of your DNA, it could reach from the Earth to the Sun more than 600 times!
3. What DNA Does (Its Function)
The main job of DNA is to store and pass on genetic information. This information is used to make proteins, which are the building blocks of life. Proteins control everything from your hair colour to how your muscles grow.
4. Why DNA Is Important
- Inheritance: DNA passes traits from parents to children.
- Health: DNA mutations can cause or prevent diseases.
- Science: DNA research helps us understand evolution and develop medicine.
5. Fun Fact
Did you know? Humans share about 60% of their DNA with bananas! This shows how all life is connected.
Conclusion
DNA is the fundamental molecule of life. By understanding its structure and function, we can better appreciate the complexity of living organisms — including ourselves!
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